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Reconstruction Era |
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“Amphitheatrum Johnsonianum” |
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Source: Harper’s Weekly |
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Date:
March 30, 1867, pp. 200-201
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Click to see
the previous version of this cartoon |
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Complete HarpWeek Explanation:
Horace Greeley’s second “bit part” in a major Nast satire occurred in
“Amphitheatrum Johnsonianum” (March 30, 1867), and is evidence of the two men’s
shared political sentiment at the time. The image is a harsh criticism of what
the cartoonist believed was President Andrew Johnson’s ultimate responsibility
for the New Orleans riot of the previous summer. On July 30, 1866, New Orleans
city police and former Confederates had clashed with white delegates to a state
constitutional convention and their black supporters during the early phase of
Reconstruction. The melee left 34 blacks and three white Republicans dead.
This cartoon was probably completed months before its publication and held to
coincide with the release of a congressional report on the riot.
In the cartoon, President Johnson is enthroned on the left, while standing in
front of him and looking down at the carnage, is Navy Secretary Gideon Welles.
The first tiny figure highlighted in the gallery beyond Welles’ profile is
Greeley, who appears to be gesturing in horror as he talks with his friend
George Wilkes, a fellow Republican and editor-owner of the sport paper
Wilkes’ Spirit of the Times. Behind Greeley are reformer Wendell Phillips
and a gesturing Congressman Benjamin Butler, who would be one of the managers of
the impeachment proceeding against the president. Johnson, a strict
constructionist on constitutional interpretation, grips a rolled paper labeled
“My Constitution,” the top of which appears to come between the faces of Nast
and his editor, George William Curtis. To the left, at the edge of the drapery
over Johnson’s arm, is Manton Marble, editor of the Democratic New York World,
and New York Mayor John Hoffman, a member of Tammany Hall, who both seem pleased
by the gory spectacle before them.
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